in this study, oxidation of dye from colored wastewater by H2O2/ Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes solution assisted with UV radiation was investigated. Disperse Blue 56 was used as a model dye. Adsorption behavior of Disperse Blue 56 from aqueous solution onto Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes was investigated under various conditions such as initial pH value, dye concentration, H2O2 and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes content. Maximum adsorption capacity for Disperse Blue 56 at pH 7.0, 5.0 and 3.0 was found to be 0.53, 0.56 and 0.97 mmol/g, respectively. Isotherm results demonstrated that the linear correlation coefficients and standard deviations of Nernest and Freundlich isotherms were specified and that the Freundlich isotherm best fitted the experimental results. The adsorption kinetics was more precisely denoted by a pseudo second-order model revealed by regression grades. Furthermore, it was shown that the UV/H2O2/ Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes process could be used as eco-friendly method to degrade dyes from colored wastewater.

In this study, degradation and decoloration of reactive and acid commercial dyes (C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Acid Red 151) in water under the irradiation with electron beams were investigated. Both dyes in aqueous solutions with the concentration of 100 ppm were irradiated at different doses of 1, 3, 6 and 9 kGy. The changes of the absorption spectra, degree of decoloration, pH, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. In addition to the influence of the absorbed dose the hydrogen peroxide additions on RB5 dye are discussed. The experimental results show that the reactive and acid dyes in aqueous solutions can be effectively degradiated by irradiation with the electron beam. The absorption bands for RB5 and AR151 decreased rapidly at 1kGy irradiation dose and disappeared almost completely at 9kGy. Also the degree of decoloration of RB5 solution at 1kGy dose and with the concentrations of H2O2 up to 5mmol/L was higher than 99.78%. Due to the production of organic and inorganic acidic anions the pH decreased during the irradiation.

An improved chemical regeneration of the granular activated carbon (GAC) exhausted by the color (pigments and pollutants) from citric acid fermentation solution (CAF) was investigated. In the experiments, improved means were adopted to advance the traditional chemical regenerating method and the adsorption capacity of the first time renewed GAC is 103% of original GAC. Using oxidant and surfactant in addition to just using NaOH solution can recover 10% more adsorption capacity of renewed GAC. The adding dosage of oxidant is good at 3% of exhausted GAC weight; that of surfactant is good at 0.1%. Hot water as cheap reagent was found to be much helpful to the regeneration efficiency. Comparing with steam regeneration high regeneration yield (>95%) of this method was an attractive economic factor. The result of this investigation can offer an advanced chemical regeneration method to regenerate exhausted GAC from citric acid refine industry.

In this study, with employing a combination of Index Decomposition Analysis and Production-Theoretical Decomposition Analysis approach, based on multiplicative approach analysis and period-wise and chain-link analysis, we evaluate the influential factors on energy intensity in the period 2006-2012. In this regards, we calculate the indexes of structural effect, activity effect, intensity effect, technological changes, changes in technical performance, and the substitution rate of the labor force and capital with energy for the Iranian economic sectors included industry, transportation, and agriculture. Furthermore, we consider these indices for consumption of the different type of energy like crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, and electricity. The results of this study show that energy intensity in all three economic sectors increased during the period. Based on economic sector's data, substitution of the labor force with energy is the most important determinant of total change in energy intensity. However, if in addition to economic sector's data, we use energy consumption data, production effect is the most important factor. The substitution of the labor force with energy is the most important factor affecting the sectoral energy intensity. Changes in technical efficiency during this period show that total energy consumption decreased and has the lowest share in total consumption growth and energy intensity. Also, the results show that comparing based on chain-link analysis has more realistic and reliable results for policymakers.

One may say that The Open Society and Its Enemies (OS) offered in 1945 the first complete elaboration of the general approach proposed by Karl Popper, namely his ‘critical rationalism’, a bold generalization of the fallibilist falsificationism in the domain of the empirical sciences masterly proposed in Logik der Forschung (1934). The political content of The OS has been critically discussed. Nevertheless, not all people insist on the equally important moral dimension of the book, giving it its unity, I submit. Without morality, no critical discussion, no reason, no open society, let us say in a nutshell. I would argue that according to Popper, a strictly Christian morality of love would not be the appropriate emotional companion of critical rationalism, but that the less demanding moral emotion of sympathy or compassion is perhaps necessary to give it its force against violence. I give some support to this line of argument. In my view, Popper proposed a somewhat unarticulated critical rationalist ‘emotivism’ of sorts. The emotion of compassion is necessary for triggering our moral decisions and values, which are the ultimate basis of the choice for a reason against violence.

A difference labeling of a graph G is an injective function f: V (G) → N ∪ {0} together with the weight function f∗ on E(G) given by f∗(uv) = |f(u)-f(v)| for every edge uv in G. The collection of subgraphs induced by the edges of the same weight is a decomposition of G and is called the common weight decomposition of G induced by f. Let ϒf denote the collection of all the paths taken from each member of the common weight decomposition induced by f. A difference labeling f of G is said to be a graphoidal difference labeling if ϒf is an acyclic graphoidal decomposition of G. This paper initiates a study on this concepts.

Ants are a major part of the ecosystem as they assist in the decomposition process and improve soil quality. In this study the species richness and biodiversity of these arthropods was assessed in the habitats with varying degrees of human impact in Shiraz, Fars Province, southern Iran. To this end, six habitats including three city parks with the least amount of human destruction (Be’sat, Janat, Babakoohi), two habitats with high amount of manipulation in order to agriculture and urbanization (a field and a destroyed garden) and a natural park without any human manipulation as control, were chosen and sampled bimonthly during 2015 and 2106. A total of 6270 ant workers belonging to 30 species, 12 genera, and three subfamilies were recorded. The most abundant subfamily was Formicinae (16 species) followed by Myrmicinae (12 species), and Dolichoderinae (two species). The biodiversity indices showed a greater diversity in both natural park and urban landscape: Be’sat and Janat parks, with the lowest amount of human effects, respectively as well as Babakoohi and the lowest in the field and destroyed garden. Although a significant difference was observed with the habitats (F= 4.255, P=0.004) and the months (F= 4.327, P=0.002) of sampling, there was not a significant difference between Babakoohi, natural park, Janat and Be’sat parks (P>0.05) nor between field and destroyed garden (P>0.05).